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The bicycle as alternative transportation

The bicycle as a transportation alternative university (GDL published in October 2010 BIKE: http://www.gdlenbici.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=476&Itemid=1 )
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Bike - The bicycle as alternative transportation university
Luis Rodolfo Morán Quiroz


For one of my students of psychology was a great disappointment to learn that, in addition to my travels around the city Condor Guadalajara on my bike 1984 model, I was owner and user of a 1977 VW. "Truth is not true that you have a car?, Is not it time you walk around the bike? "She asked anxiously at the start of classes. Disappointed and had to answer that, especially in the evenings and nights, had not the courage to explore the city by bike all the time. From that moment of disappointment for the aspiring psychologist, there have been many changes in the city of Guadalajara, particularly in regard to increased car traffic in the city, population density and urban infrastructure, and this has most important fact to consider cycling as an additional and alternative transport in this city. The proposal in the eighties appear before the state government to build a bike lane on the avenue had been rejected federalism incostesable and had to spend a quarter of a century for this route at last consolidated, very similar to some of the cycling routes in the eighties and work in cities like Munich and Freiburg, a part of the pavement would be designed to use (relatively exclusive) cyclists.



Since then, the growth of the city of Guadalajara has been overwhelming and from the eighties until the second decade of the twenty-first century and the urban population has increased significantly. If in 2010 the population of the Metropolitan Area (GMA) exceeds four million, in the years eighties, the population of that area is only around two million. The population density in the city of Guadalajara in 1980 stood at 8.654 inhabitants per square kilometer, while in 2010 the density is very similar (8.761 Hbs/km2), which means that much of the growth of population SMG has been in neighboring municipalities. The urban sprawl has spread in several square kilometers, as if in the eighties ZMG extended to four municipalities, and currently reaches eight, El Salto, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Tlaquepaque, Tonala, Guadalajara, Zapopan, Juanacatlán and Ixtlahuacán of the quince.



The number of cars individuals who cross the GMA has increased dramatically, because its transport needs in the area fail to be covered by public transport. The following are some figures (see table 1), while in the Metropolitan Area of \u200b\u200bMexico there are 0.29 cars per person in the metropolitan area of \u200b\u200bLeon are 0.15 per person, in Guadalajara the amount increases to 0.33 vehicles per person, ie in Guadalajara and in the Valley of Mexico there are about three people per vehicle and Leon there is a vehicle for every six people.







Table 1: Population, number of cars and number of vehicles per capita in three metropolitan areas in Mexico (see the link should display a more orderly version of this table. Here: http://www.gdlenbici.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id = 476 & Itemid = 1 )


Greater Valley of Mexico León, Gto. Guadalajara, Jal. Population

19 '239, 910 1'200, 612 4'298, 715 Number of Vehicles

5'592, 290 189, 327 1'442, 572 inhabitants per vehicle

3.44 6.34 2.97 vehicles per capita

0.29 0.15 0.33

Source: IV Congress Sustainable Travel International, 2008 .*



The lack of planning in the areas of housing, commerce and labor and infrastructure to move between them has been privileged to work to build more cars and fewer for public transport and transfers to walking and cycling. Just look at the conditions and the narrowness of the sidewalks in much of the GMA to realize that there are few areas of the city in which we take into account the need to travel by foot, wheelchair or bicycle-tricycle .



In this context, the GMA universities have done little to encourage its students and academic staff and bicycle transportation, although in recent years ciclopuertos were installed in some of these educational institutions, mainly in the ITESO and then at the University of Guadalajara. In my case, I continued to use the bike for most of my morning commute and some of the evening transfer to my workplace in some academic institutions in the GMA, where I have been a researcher, teacher and eventual Synod. Thus, in addition to my usual shuttle riders work at the University of Guadalajara have been able to take the bike for some courses in the ITESO, Universidad La Salle and headquarters of the University of Guadalajara itself where I perform regularly. My main bike shipments to destinations "academic" including towards the ITESO (a 4kms from my house), my main assignment department, under the University Center for Social Sciences and Humanities (CUCSH), which is located 14kms from my house and outside Campus, near the Parque Morelos, and the campus of CUCSH (a 16 km from my house).



Since my childhood I am a bicycle enthusiast for over thirty years I am a regular runner. That has helped me to realize that there is a motor vehicle distances are perceived as "distant" when in fact these vehicles to move in only last over time, but not in space. I used the bike for my transportation to the degree ITESO alternately to run and ride in my VW. I started to use it to travel to the University of Guadalajara during my graduate student days, depended on a mastery of the Institute of Social Studies and in his first semester was located in the Lyceum building and Juan Alvarez (who currently holds the system Middle school, SEMS). And graduated from the master used the bicycle for my transportation to my job in the same building, until shortly before going to live in Seattle, a city ideal for runners and cyclists. Later I did my PhD in Tijuana and continued in the habit of relocating school running or cycling.



Gradually, the conditions of the streets of Guadalajara have worsened for bicycles. The large number of cars makes the road surface to deteriorate further and faster than in the eighties and nineties. So, instead of using road bike (in Guadalajara we call "race bike"), many cyclists have chosen to use mountain bikes and is symptomatic that current urban bicycle designs take into account the need wider tires than road, same as in the past could be used with relative ease in the cities. Thus, relatively few who still travel by bicycle route, lighter, and I had to use more often mountain bike, with increased resistance to bumps but less agile handling by the high friction of tire type.



addition to the increased number of vehicles has increased the number of cruise hazardous traffic lights trying to regulate the flow of vehicles and pedestrians, and that in turn generate traffic. What has not increased the visibility of cyclists in the eyes of users of motor vehicles, but not before the eyes of city planners. Until relatively recently (two or three years at best), there were few places where there was a formal place to park the bike in Guadalajara. Even today riders are also academics and students must confome with the bike chained to handrails in public buildings and universities, in the light poles in front of libraries, metal benches in parks or ridges in front to libraries.



Over my nearly forty years of bicycle transportation in the city of Guadalajara (with some experience gained in other cities where I could live and move around by bike, both in Mexico and abroad), I have learned that cyclists have to be flexible on our roads, it is common to see the streets blocked by traffic jams, that the sidewalk (wide or narrow, urban or suburban) are invaded by stalls and fixed and cars and even vans and trucks. Some of the routes on the map seem the most direct may be, in fact, impassable for the number of roads in their areas (stairs, ramps, inadequate, narrow), the density of traffic, the visibility (to see and be seen), for the period available to cross certain streets following the times marked by the light. Cyclists must take into account when planning our trips in the city all these conditions and even the number of pedestrians passing through any parts of our transfer.



is symptomatic that's midweek travel 14kms separating my house from my workplace have to use 50 minutes. I've tried using, on Sunday, some parts of the Milky RecreActiva, and the same distance it takes me only 30 minutes. The downside is that is open weekdays RecreActiva Way and on weekends is not open my workplace.



pimer Since my baby was born in 2007, I organized my work so my trips to downtown are fewer and of shorter duration. To reduce the time when I'm away from home, sometimes I climb the bike into the van, which parked approximately two thirds of the distance between my house and my destiny and continue cycling the length of the last third. Additionally, in addition to shipments to the buildings where I work, I could add, now that my son pimer started going to kindergarten, the morning commute to take to school and pick up three hours later. When he returned to deliver the greatest in school, my second son started our training for when he also started his formal education, adding a second tour through the neighborhoods near our house, which sometimes include a brief visit to his grandfather (2kms away) or his aunt and cousin (a mile).



In recent years, at last the authorities of the University of Guadalajara have reacted ciclopuertos been installed in some of the university buildings, as in the CUCSH and administrative tower. There is still no ciclopuerto in the building in which my department assignment, even though we are about ten people that he usually arrived by bicycle and we have almost three years seeking to install a rather ciclopuerto have to chain our bikes to the railings of the stairs or having to upload them to our area work.



What we should ask is why in other cities and other universities if there is a culture of planning that included the bicycles, wheelchairs and pedestrians in the plans for infrastructure, while in Guadalajara and in the UG, the Iteso and some other academic institutions only recently have begun to consider the possibility that students and faculty and staff arriving by bicycle. In the GMA is still short of shopping malls, public buildings, banks, parks, bookstores, cafes, schools, where bikes can be reached and where there possibility of parking. Ironically, rather than those responsible for these buildings, and even saw motorists welcome the existence of a specific area for bikes, sometimes we close the opportunity or we are "uninvited", despite contributing to increasing the number of users at the same time leave room for others, also do not get the motor vehicle.





* Source Table 1:

IV International Congress on Sustainable Transport, 2008. "Comparison of transport systems in Mexico."

2010 Refugee Claimant

university

of my children especially miss their childhood. Tomorrow, July 23, has three years more of them. That made me a father of a little bit of puppy. Three months later, the second is two years old. Its exact distance fifteen months of repeated, casual or providentially, a pattern that my parents had tried, but without much accuracy. Date of birth of my sister to me, there are 15 months less three days from my date of birth to my youngest brother is 36 months minus three days. But if my arrival had some justification for the slow pace typical of men versus women, to ensure that the distance in terms child development was more or less equally among the three, in the case of the difference in months between the largest and smallest of my sons seems to stem from an intent to equalize in development.

be someone's brother and a comparison means. Brotherhood is a term "relational" and if you're brother is not obliged to be higher or lower. So I confirm what my friend and namesake Louis, twins, who often point out that the more he is, he was born a few seconds earlier. Be more logically would simply arrive early and begin to learn and develop before and force even before the parents to learn how to work against their offspring. And parents can only be first-time with the brother / sister, but no more. At that the older brothers are like the first impression. Nothing before that can be used: no experience with the nephews, or acquired as adults compared to other children, or that we acquire in childhood and the memories of this time wanted to start our lives wisely.

The problem is that minor children can not always assume that what is learned as parents with older children can apply to them. The younger brother of my eldest son was announced with an air of casual, "came, although they are not strained and anxious for my arrival ... but I come quickly." While the child most wanted to be announced soon, and my friends even complimented me for having to leave for day to save energy for my shabby genes in the performance achieved fruitful night, the younger son came despite having taken up the exercise, and sleeplessness and exhaustion caused by the greater. The more we thought

would have trouble hearing, until the doctor explained that he was too weak to protest, we believe that it was cross-eyed, as in some photos an eye "and that he was there, until the ophthalmologist explained that it was simply the bridge of the nose was consistent with being "very stubborn" diagnosis as his cousin Oscar frankly. The child did not have time to wonder, or doubt, or ask, parents hypochondriacs with the first, if he heard, for their protests at the slightest noise is left each morning to discuss the next-door neighbor, who seemed to take the records of hours of crying and the requirement of milk.

like your brother, said my mother. It looks like your brother, declared others. What a beautiful child! Sure looks like your wife ... thought some more, with what my mother felt increasingly beaten, he seemed to recognize, without declaring that their children had not come out as beautiful as of her daughter. Proud that there kids will ever look better than he and his brother, his mother asked, "Who is more handsome?" Until answered with a voice that probably articulated and understood the word before his brother: " me! "and burst out laughing, as if he understood that and the other jokes that made us smile to see him.

Having a younger brother is not easy. Apart from that it assumes that those who are older brothers of someone else, have an obligation to educate, the problem is when that brother did not agree with outdated practices with which we were brought a few months ago. And if my sister assumed the task of educating his two younger brothers as if she were much older, my younger brother not only ignored my educational support, but managed to be smart enough to educate him to me. In that tradition upside down, my youngest son managed to start teaching words, movements, dance steps, shouting, patience, his younger brother. And if my brother gave me the central arguments of some of my master when he was in the degree, the younger brother soon realized that the crying of his brother did not mean that there is a latent threat to all babies in the house and soon ceased to be united with eager cries the elderly.

One of my students welcomed the new kid at the same time take the opportunity to warn that, apart from being big brother can not be easy, being a younger brother can be a burden. "I'm the youngest of several brothers and when I arrived and it seems that everyone was sick and tired of having babies, so I did not make me much attention. Ask also if the younger. " And meanwhile, who had been the only boy king and tyrant of the house, tugging me to keep me near the birthplace of the child, who came to invade not only what was once their space, but to fill occupations time and concerns of parents who were just for him. So that during the first weeks of life the child had little chance to hug and had to wait to sleep more to admire the baby eyes and lips the same as those of his mother. And if the term brother is relational and comparative, that of the sibling rivalry that has fascinated both psychoanalysts, seems to imply that children begin to do math, and mathematical calculations of the time parents devote to them. And to make accounts on time we devote to the brother. "Why he did carry it, pamper it, you buy, you're done, tolerate him ... and not me?" We wonder, magnifying the attention they lavish him with his brother and decreeing that no matter how give us, while not all, will remain low.

In this rivalry, the younger brother engages in conquering a territory and a parents' time that was once exclusive and that he never will be: there is already an occupant with whom we must share with the parents, spaces, times, food, toys, seats in the stroller, in the family car, the eyes of the grandparents, friends, fatigue and energy of parents. So our youngest son, in his first weeks, seemed to have chosen me as territory lost to the insistence of the first to walk away, and take over the mother all day, refused to sleep, eat, stop mourn if you did not have his mother's warm arms around him and learned to sleep on your abdomen to ensure that there was beneath him.

The most eventually learn that the mother was lost territory in the fraternal struggle, so I learned to sleep in my abdomen, to ensure that I was there when he woke up, to pull to get away from the brother ... So we decided to take turns in separate rooms and in turn, to care for one and another. The major began to understand that at least once every other, her mother would be present there to attend to, while the less began to understand that once again yes and no, his father would be there to do what the mother would turn.

At one point I began to understand some of the implications of what I ever said a colleague at the university to see my first child, with only a few months old, "one wanted to stay and that not grow. " My reaction to that sentence was: "No! I do not want that, I want to grow, walk, talk, do things and thank you. " But now I see, especially the speed with which it develops the younger brother, his childhood is gone. That of the "ten talents" who once said his grandfather, "and not have to waste any," crowned the commentator, my youngest son wanted to learn them, wasting them, show them all before they reach kindergarten, and soon devoted to draw circles, eating with their own cutlery, walking the malls without shaking hands, singing and dancing as they come , chat with older brother and tell jokes without words, go out in awake, rubbing only while bathing. While the older brother we keeps asking her "baba" milk "the child manages to drink water in a glass, wait until the diaper is removed for urination, press all the buttons on your DVD player's to find the one that serves to stop or move, at will, the film has chosen from among the favorites of "duck!, pant! Lion! Barney! "And it warns us that, however slow we want to be, or as much as we worry that not enough progress, soon our babies (especially the youngest) achieved their independence and go to school to the homes of friends and relatives, the world, but we can not stop now. They remind us that the terrible teens, with their silence, isolation, loneliness, growths, bumps, trials, errors and their inability to go back, also hovers over them. And their children will be gone, along with their demands, but eventually their autonomy take your walking to jumps, startled eyes, his sweet "Daddy, Daddy, Daddy!" Slow

like his father and almost as much as his grandfather, the elder brother began to say words and try to spin sentence only to the example he put his younger brother. Concerned, her mother commented to my father, "when will he talk? What preoupación expesar anguish that something and that we no longer understand what you want! "Grandpa, who was not a kindergarten, he replied that he had begun speaking at five years ..." So do not worry, one day speak. " But it seems Froebel and Montessori both were right: the development of various skills in childhood is related to socialization. So parents, especially those who tend to "understand" and "guess" what they want their children had been holding back the language of higher learning, who began to communicate more when they visited cousins, talkative and eager to things and activities that could request and claim. Reciprocal visits and the support of younger brother (who served as challenge and example to talk and dance) may arise in which to understand and retell the jokes the biggest is to ask the child.

In my time visiting school of psychology (which did not study much), used to speak of "effects in the sequence" on behavior. The reasoning, very behaviorist, was very simple: if you first "subjects" (pigeons, rats, children, chimpanzees, psychology students, bystanders, who are the subjects of study classics as undisciplined discipline) behave in a certain way, is difficult to learn otherwise later. So, somehow, what is learned first affects what is learned and what can be learned later. My wife and I usually ponder whether the order of birth of our children have had another sequence: we would taken with the ease (relative) with whom we take the announcement of the arrival of second son, had been the first such "movidoso" from the uterus and then out of it as it was the second? Would we have panicked if the first had been so difficult to follow, as active from the moment you open your eyes in the morning, so perceptive moments of hilarity and the difference between playing and suffering as was the second?

My oldest son and I be a little more slowly learning that our respective siblings. Although over the years that it has the advantage that one can learn many things in life without having to wait for us to explain them to the contemporary or teachers, meanwhile (at least I) is the feeling, the brothers have more perceptive, that something fails us, that we need to get angry with each other because they understand just what it should be understood later. And it should be "after me, because I am the greatest."

Fortunately, even though it took me several years to understand that my brother's birthday came three days before mine ("Why did he meet before, if I'm older?"), I ended up accepting that while quite older brothers have to suffer the children cease to be unique to our arrival, the younger brothers help us to understand that they also have to reclaim their spaces and lots of time and attention of parents. The daughter of my wife, more for 16 years that my older son, we said, jokingly, that his legacy, "weight" is increasingly divided. Instead of weight, became 50 cents and then at only 34 cents (the largest, and which corresponds to a penny per old). Conversely, the problem is that younger siblings are rare occasions they can enjoy all the attention, resources, youth, parent, since these resources have been somewhat eroded by the elderly. Is to lower the despicable no consolation to reach a world in which older and have given some training sessions with parents.

course, some parents are learning more slowly than others ...

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younger brother I love the interviews

'm a fan of the chat. I love to hear and criticize others, learn from and reflect on some of the issues raised by the radio. As a social scientist also am interested in a professional, multi-themes of what happens in my town from Guadalajara and beyond the borders of my country. It has happened to me also invited to participate, to think, reflect, in some radio stations (and sometimes TV) from my village. The issues have been mixed and sometimes I even have had time to build my arguments using readings of authors who have written are true specialists / experts in the topics to discuss.

Some of these invitations weeks in advance I have given the topic, some of the edges that most interests him and have justified the invite to be a sociologist, or psychologist, or because they know that I have ever been close to the matter to be treated. Once agreed the space-time coordinates, I could make an argument and make notes written to appeal to them if my memory. In contrast, I have received other invitations for radio interviews in which they have left me no opportunity to decline the invitation, such as those derived from a phone call at 6:50 am in intepelaron me directly: "Are you in the air ... What do you think that football fans have beaten a policeman? Would you expect increased violence in the coming weeks? "I do not remember very well how I solved the situation, but after one of my friends, after another of those ill-timed calls to participate in a live radio show and hot I called her once to give me your opinion, I began to be more cautious to accept invitations. My friend told me: "I heard on the radio. Excuse me for saying so, but on the summit Obama and Calderon will admit only pure bullshit. " What surprised me was my friend not his candor, because we know more than 30 years, but would have had the radio on a station that I assumed no one would listen and a time that I thought were doing all fatal nothing more productive than listening radio. So, now knowing that someone is likely to hear my opinions of "expert" even though I believe I am only talking to who brings the other microphone, I chose to think that I probably should not be as accessible and ask me things of which probably do not know anything at all. In my years

teaching, on several occasions has given courses in the first semester of sociology or philosophy. Something that students often ask is about the reasons why they chose their career. A few years ago, one of them simply said, "is that once I saw you on TV in a forum and then decided that I wanted to be a sociologist." Even if that student some time ago graduated from the bachelor, over the years I have been greeted on the street or in shopping malls and at least so far I have not seen or heard part in a television program or radio. I have not dared to ask, but Sometimes I suspect that his decision to become a sociologist perhaps was related to the fantasy that sociology professionals have the ability to talk nonsense about a wide range of topics and even ask us for more details about them.
alleged
Many radio interviews are just conversations with someone in charge of the program usually has a certain formality and then based on the alleged scholarship of the "interview" is not nothing but a party that is supposed to have certain information that the audience would like to hear. Over the years I've learned that no matter how well prepared my argument, based on my academic work of years, or reading a few weeks, days or minutes prior to the time spent "on air", the interviewer will seek to change the subject or trying to edge as I never have occurred to me. I intend to only accept invitations when he called me to occupy a space and time in your cabin manages to be more explicit on the subject and on the edges and even want to discuss what other experts will be partners. However, even though I insist:

1. A well-defined theme that is also on my professional competence and within my more specific interests;

2. A question general well-considered;

3. A clear relationship to events of recent weeks or days in institutional settings atingentes;

4. A clear profile of the other partners with whom, who leads the program and I, we will talk ...

The truth is that so far my previous notes I have done little since the drivers are interested in radio programs emphasize different things than they could disctutir with other academics involved in each topic. For example, if the appointment is to talk, say, on remittances sent by Mexican migrants from the U.S. to Mexico, most likely talk resulting in the living conditions of Mexicans abroad and the depression that overwhelms when in distant lands to his homeland, which is the most beautiful places in the universe. But if the appointment is to discuss the psychological and physical health of those who go up North and those who remain in villages of origin, then the talk will include very specific questions like: "What is the amount of remittances of money to Jalisco during the first half of this year? Is it less than this amount from what was, in relative terms in 1994, the year of crisis in Mexico or in 2008, the year of crisis in the U.S. "

In any case, even if one insists, as respondent, in talking about that for which he was invited, it is likely that already in place, the driver of the program and in the case given that no calls from the audience, who listen to the show, comes to mind. You may have noticed, as part of the audience, who sometimes call the same driver program and start some comments saying: "So, does that mean that xyj ..." And take the opportunity to put those arguments when in fact the respondent is doing best to just point out other things that have nothing to do with x and j. Sometimes when I listen to radio, just ask me: "so what does that matter? Why change the subject? "but when I am part of the talk, sometimes I have no choice but to be explicit and say" yes, xyj are related by being part of the alphabet to describe the subject we were talking about. "

So what can appendicocolic of radio interviews is that they rarely deal with the issue that is advertised to be treated ... and may even heated arguments about arguments that are not quite related. A case at hand is that of some politicians who, when interviewed, feel that the driver will transmit the message that the public says they do not do their job and are dedicated to defend and say that there are works of this or that class, instead of describing the pros and cons of those actions for which they were invited. And drivers want to talk about an issue that was not proposed, and politicians rarely want to talk about anything but their aspirations to the next place in his career, and as the audience hears only for fun and not for information, all happy and everyone speaking, listening and interpreting what gives it its common or royal wins ...

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370.000 kms

are just the equivalent of 9.35 times around the earth by Ecuador. Surely any executive / registered traveler programs-miles has already obtained and collected this amount of miles (converted to miles: 229.956) more than once. Assuming that each kilometer consume a tenth of a liter of gasoline, are just 37.000 liters of gasoline. If we consider that the gas tank of a VW Sedan contains exactly 10 gallons (37.85 liters), equivalent to 977.54 full tanks. That is, assuming the same yield of miles per gallon, these 370 thousand miles is not even a thousand tanks full, then the number of liters should be enough to 378500 kms.

To cover the amount of 3 million 700 thousand hundred yards to my shopping VW Sedan 1977 model and I, it has taken just 32 years, 8 months and 23 days. The current cost of $ 8 pesos per liter of gasoline, this means that only fuel consumption, this has meant an expenditure of $ 296.000 pesos, under the assumption of 10 kms traveled per gallon of gasoline consumed. Suppose

I have always been punctual and I have changed the 3 liters of oil that corresponds to change the engine every 3mil miles. This would be very easy on the mathematics of the German engineers who followed in the footsteps of Don Ferdinand Porsche and his original design in the thirties, to a quart per thousand miles driven. Ie, 370 liters of oil consumed in less than 33 years. Change, to celebrate such a closed figure (which looks at the phone number of a company that really exists in my hometown Guadalajara), another 3 liters of oil and the age of 33, reminiscent of ice cream flavors Laguense me an ice cream shop childhood, but also the degree of Masonry, we will have consumed 373 liters of oil, current price of $ 14 pesos per liter. Ie: $ 5.222 pesos.

After considering that spending on basic fluids for a VW sedan can be added to the aggregate amount of $ 301, 522 pesos, the amount in pesos which cost the car in 1977 ($ 83.700), plus some other "details" as the two glass broken in its history ($ 30 and $ 60 pesos in their time - I do not know the actual price will have a fin and a front window) as well as rubbers different, fenders, covers the trunk and engine, batteries, lights, running boards, successive stereo and speakers, a set of seats and 4 games Tire (4-change tires every 80.000 km), a pearl gray repainted and completely painted in silver, in addition to many services tuning, balancing, alignment, brake adjustments. At $ 385.222 let us add an estimated $ 114.778 pesos in multiple services and goodies. They are "only" half a million pesos. Let's add 10 years of tax for the use and possession of automobiles ($ 300 pesos each year, with more paid between 1977 and 1986) and other taxes, for endorsement of plates and those weights which contributed to the treasury to spend a high of traffic light, take a walk forbidden, exceed speed limits or station where I felt like it: say, do other $ 100.000 pesos?

"I can say that, almost 33 years later - I have a vehicle equivalent to $ 600,000 pesos which cost me transport myself to and fro in my town Guadalajara and between San Francisco, California, Mexico City and Xalapa, Veracruz (the farthest reaches of geography that has been touring the poblano product purchased in the seventies)? If a picture that initially cost a little over 80 thousand dollars ends up costing so much ($ 600 thousand) in a few kilometers, which do not even reach the ten laps of the planet, is it worth buying one for the same price in current dollars?

Apart from the obvious differences of a VW sedan (a model that was used both on the road in the seventies and eighties and part of the nineties) compared to vehicles equipped and suitable for travel by wagon roads that do not circulate and very few wagons and VW sedan, what are the advantages in security and services in urban transport? Is it worth "investing" in a road vehicle to be used primarily in the city? Would not it be wiser to "invest" in public transport? How many trips can be done with that $ 600 000 pesos in my town from Guadalajara? Assuming the current price of $ 6 pesos per trip, the thing is easily calculated (it is even easier than the mathematics of German engineers put a gas tank of 10 gallons n the sedan). 600,000 / 6 = 100,000 trips ...

Stated another way: why, whom we move into our cities, we chose to spend our money on buying a private car rather than push to improve public transport? How many users of private vehicles, over 10, 20, 30 or 35 years we have wasted - by politicians who represent us to spend the taxes - our money, local councils and taxpayers our time and the air we breathe, to push for wider streets in the fit more and more fast cars, in which there are fewer trees and where there are so many fatalities from collisions between the vehicles and between and pedestrians who dare to approach the roads and not so much?

Why are we encouraging the confrontation between blade against skin and is not sufficiently promote the use of alternative methods for average distances in urban transport? What about our regional transportation system, instead of having trains between relatively close cities (eg Tepatitlán Guadalajara, hence San Juan de los Lagos and Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Leon, Queretaro and then to the national capital) still resort to expensive highway system "share" in which all cooperate to bottle or accident and pay to use a surface with our own vehicles for those who already pay many other costs?

How surfaces occupying the streets (ever larger, and peripheral Gomez Morin relatively quickly or routes of Lazaro Cardenas and Lopez Mateos in Guadalajara) and roads, more and more lethal, we are consuming space cohabitation, amenity, recreation and even work? What is the logic of change vehicles every few years or to repay kilometers, from the beginning, many costs and the desire to retain the manufacturer's warranty and contribute to additional taxes on basic costs of maintaining a vehicle working? What keeps apart from official policies to promote the purchase and sale of new cars all of which are foreign brands, which users of the cities we are also public transport users and supplemented with transfers cycling and walking? Are we what prevents our belief that the most powerful vehicle, more shiny, more equipped, more powerful will also make our egos and our personal qualities most attractive? Do not use public transport and alternative means because we hate sweating and prefer to spend our time and money to repair the damage we cause more global warming and generating more heat in our village? Seen that the people of our country do not care and become obese, largely for not doing an activity as simple as walking, would have to find a way to solve the mystery of how to overcome the travails of glamorous and find solutions are attractive (and even sound "sexy") to burn less fossil fuels and cycle and walk more ...

Paco

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THE THIRD ARMY: sending my colleague and friend Francisco Murra

I write with this short introduction message in the text that follows: "Some are not aware, but Mauricio Murra killed in the May shooting in Torreon was the son of Louis I brother and I share this reflection of a close friend of Mauritania, from every place we could do something for a change Rate. Murra Mr. Francisco Castillo "

THE THIRD ARMY

I object to violence because when Although this seems to cause only temporary, the evil that is permanent "-Ghandi .-

recent months had not most important thing in my being to get ready to win in this convention, I practiced and studied very hard to give my best today and be awarded in this competition is amazing, even shocking, as life in an instant hard makes you a participant in and terrible events that transform and make you forever. Life through the subtle and tragic walk, makes a common morning wake up with a different reflection, a reflection lacerated sadly never be the same.

And all this because of the horrific events that occurred in my beautiful, but today kidnapped and terrorized, Torreon, Coahuila last weekend. Where a group of ruthless bandits mercilessly fired their bullets into a bar instantly stealing the lives of two soul mates with whom he had lived for over 15 years, and six other young people more. My brothers and other young people committed a terrible sin which condemned them to lose their lives, the sin of seeking a place to share a drink with a friend.

This pain that is drowning every fiber of my being, does not compare to the suffering that today inconsolable parents of my friends felt when receiving a call in the morning, which I sincerely hope friends from all over the republic, ever receive: the cold call from a hospital assistant asking to go to identify the body of her murdered son in a slaughter. What did not mean the law of life that the children heard their parents and not vice versa? What did not mean that these young people should enjoy the beauty and life experiences that have the over the years? Before his last breath, "my brothers never would have realized that would be called, who never marry and have family who would never know what is to come home and receive the warm embrace of a loving mother who waits and who lives and for them? Had they thought that their lives would become a number and a statistic?

One of my brothers killed Murra called Maurice, a young Bright, who, no doubt, foresaw a more than successful. He spent his entire life to study, work and family, I remember with nostalgia that he always carried in his right hand a bracelet that had the letters WWJD, which represent the abbreviation in English "What would Jesus do?" And whenever he was in difficult times is looking at his bracelet and prayed to Jesus Christ today continues to illuminate paths that bracelet, but not of it, but an inconsolable mother seeking prompt and arduous resignation. Mauricio

And many more, this war is threatening not only cops and criminals, but innocent, particularly youth, and with it not only takes away the peace and life of their parents, if not the hope of a future country estate in them, ie not only their lives but end up with proposals, ideas, art, dreams that Today more than ever the need XXI century Mexico.



Friends, we are aware that neither the government nor the cartels are to blame. The main responsibility is ours: society. A society numb, passive and fearful, abducted not by violence but by the fear that keeps us heads down and tolerant of calamities that happen everyday in our streets. How many more deaths are required to take responsibility and act? Do we need our children to be bled to get up?

I think not. I do not think it necessary that the tragedy touches each and every one of our homes to rise. And yes, we need to rise up in arms, making a revolution in which our rifle is the reason and our bullets the word where to recruit peacekeepers and agents of change rather than seeking violent solutions. Form a third army in the trenches is where change and social service, that seeks to heal the shattered social fabric and that this derives from the conflict, an army that understands that the security crisis is not economic or political, but social; understand is in us and not a politician or a policeman to rescue this country.

But how? How to form a third military, social, peace and fight from the trenches. Stop it wanted to share our proposal resulting in Torreon for not sit back against the unjust death of our friends: 10 young people will meet to create a civil partnership have a clear goal: to create development opportunities for those abandoned by society; be it poor, misfits, etc. young band. These opportunities, create them by organizing sports tournaments, cultural and academic and job skills through collaboration agreements with universities. Imagine the positive impact that would, for example, offering a diploma in carpentry exclusive car wash and wipers, which are an education that inculcates what is the culture of effort and have a real alternative to join the ranks of the drug.

may think that these efforts to "keep the mind busy" for young people and the government are carried out, and they are right. However I believe that these actions lack continuity because they are six-year or three-year plans and rely on red, blue, yellow or green. Society we do not rely on an expiration date or a color, we are the only ones who can provide program permanent basis and for society.

Friends of the republic, wake up from this nightmare. Take action and fighting crime as society as a whole, as a united people seeking ransom himself.

Unite! That the boundaries of society are destroyed and show that we are a people with historical memory and high social commitment.

Do you love your country? Show him in action! And he shut the door to someone tomorrow may be your son's abductor. I invite you to join this revolution of thought and this army of peace in your city promoting opportunities for those who do not tienen.

Déjenme decirles, as Ernesto Guevara would say, a riesgo of seeming ridiculous, that el VERDADERO revolutionary is guided by great love sentimientos.

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International Conference: Creativity emerging social and cultural. April 12-14, 2011, UNAM


Convocatoria Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales


de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM-IIS)



International Laboratorio de Investigación Social y Cultural



CesNova, Centre for Studies in Sociology Faculty

Social Sciences and Humanities, New University of Lisbon (Portugal)



Chaire de Sociologie, Travail et Politiques Sociales Social

de l'Université de Fribourg (Suisse)



In the context of:

Recherche Committee 30 - inégalité, Identités Liens Sociaux et de l'Association Internationale de Langue Française des Sociologists

(AISLF)

International Symposium Colloque international

emerging social and cultural creativity

sociale et culturelle pop Créativité

Faces plural individual against uncertainty
pluriels
Les visages de l'individu incertain

Where and When
The Symposium will be held on 12 , 13 and 14 April 2011 in the conference room of the Institute for Social Research at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (Circuito Mario de la Cueva, Ciudad Universitaria, Campus UNAM, Mexico DF). Scientific Committee



Guy BAJOIT, Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique;
guy.bajoit @ uclouvain.be


BALSA Casimiro, Universidade Nova, Lisbon, Portugal; cm.balsa @ fcsh.unl.pt Paul S.

GARCIA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina;
pabloseba77@hotmail.com


Mario SANDOVAL, Universidad Católica Silva Henriquez, Santiago, Chile;
msandoval@gmail.com


Marc-Henry Soulet, Université de Fribourg, Suisse;

@ marc-henry.soulet unifr.ch

Hugo Jose Suarez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico;
hugojose@unam.mx


Veronica Zubillaga, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela;
vzubillaga@usb.ve




Organizing Committee For further information contact:

Hugo Jose Suarez, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
BAJOIT
Guy, Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve

Background

This scientific meeting is part of a line of thought opened in previous symposia organized both by the Social Research Institute (IIS) of the UNAM, as the Committee 30 of the AISLF Recherche.

Thus, in March 2009, Hugo José Suárez, Verónica Zubillaga Guy Bajoit and organized in the IIS, UNAM, a meeting on the topic social discomfort and distress to exist. The purpose of this first exchange was to bring out in different social groups, forms of existential distress resulting from social, economic, technological, political and cultural place in our society and particularly in Latin America.

again in March 2010 to organize, in the same institutional framework, a second encuentro como prolongación del primero, que tuvo como tema La incertidumbre y las estrategias de sentido . Entusiasmados por el éxito de estos dos encuentros, los organizadores proponen ahora no solamente extender la participación organizando en abril 2011 un tercer coloquio con la colaboración de la AISLF, sino también dar un paso más en la profundización de la problemática de la creatividad social y cultural del individuo frente a la incertidumbre.

A su vez, y durante varios años, el Comité de Recherche 30 de la AISLF ha organizado numerosos coloquios sobre estos mismos problemas. Para mencionar solamente los que se relacionan más directamente con el tema aquí propuesto: en la Universidad de Fribourg (Switzerland) in 2002: "Fight or flight. Act in situations of vulnerability ", the University of Tours (France) in 2004:" Back around the individual and the individual: individuation and society of inequalities ", the University of Concepción (Chile) in 2008:" The social contract in a globalizing world ", the University of Montes Claros (Brazil) in 2010:" Resources of the fight against poverty: between corporate control and social recognition. " Issue





In societies governed by the cultural model "individual-subject-actor", each individual feels pressured by the culture that surrounds to develop one single, to choose your life, live it with passion and enjoyment, to be autonomous and responsible for yourself, do not trip over any of the stones found in its path. However, it is difficult to meet these requirements and there is an upset. While it is true that those who are in precarious situations and outsiders are most vulnerable, the fact remains that the uncertainty can affect anyone. Indeed, this "hydra" is modern, if not seven, at least five heads:

1. The competing demands generated by the increase of insecurity, inequality, unemployment and general social exclusion. At the same time, insistent demands of makes you want to consume goods and services people can hardly afford. Some achieve it, but that working excessively (stress), becoming "wolf among wolves" (hyper) and borrowing in excess (consumption), others will not do it ever ... and they know it!

2. The requirement of a new citizenship (more pragmatic, closer to the people, more participatory, more decentralized) comes in flagrant contradiction with the political world 'traditional', which is resistant to change, and sinking deeper and deeper into the demagoguery, business, unfulfilled promises, cronyism, scandal, corruption, the "affaires" and, in general, the absence of a political alternative to the neoliberal model.

3. The requirement of independence, to take responsibility, to be active, on which political elites seek to establish the new social contract is contradicted in practice at least two reasons. On the one hand, the inadequacy of the resources made available to social policies and public services, while needs continue to grow. On the other hand, social and public policy, which seeks, in his speech, restore citizenship, autonomy and the responsibility of individual subjects, results in reality in a "hunt for profiteers" and those that endanger public safety.

4. The requirement for individual self-realization and a reflexive relationship norms and values \u200b\u200bconflicts with the crisis of authority in the instances of socialization (family, school ...). This crisis engenders, both among those who should exercise authority and those who should obey, identity problems, social relationships and everyday forms of action.

5. The requirement of pluralism, tolerance of differences, acceptance of interculturalism, the inclusion of individuals in networks, conflicts with two important features of today's societies. On the one hand, globalization - with the spread of American way of life - is in the process of sweeping across the world, local cultures with all the convincing power of mass media and cultural industries, causing all parties withdraw into ethnic and national identities. On the other hand, these folds often have cultural overtones of racism, and racism, as the extreme right, is one way to respond to the uncertainty that people are drawn into their daily lives today. How

"manage "Individuals with these forms of uncertainty? The question that causes the conversation to which we call is the demand for forms of social and cultural creativity, arising from the individuals affected by the discomfort and restlessness. The emphasis is on this opportunity, innovation, the ability of individuals in uncertainty invent for themselves the solutions to their problems, and to behave in this way, within the limits of its resources, as subjects and actors of its existence.

Without being exhaustive, and for the sole purpose of illustrating a problem that will not fail to enrich participants with their contributions, we can say that the creativity of the question here is expressed in all categories of individuals affected by uncertainty. Here are some examples.





The faces of the young face of uncertainty

Faced with a more or less disturbing, depending on resources available, young people take many creative ways to adapt: \u200b\u200benter 'the system' and become precarious workers but flexible, competitive and consumers connected to the web, participating in peer groups (bands, tribes, cities, fans ...) are part of political movements (anti-globalization, anarchism, far right ...), artistic currents (Hip-hop, rap, tag ...) or religious (Christians, Muslims, Buddhists ...) and, why not? Marry and have children!

The faces of women, men and couples face the uncertainty

Beyond the undeniable progress against the discrimination they continue to be victims, women are demanding equality has cost them face to feminists. But at the same time, the cultural model obligations also claim their right to a unique identity, to free choice of life who seek to: living alone or in pairs, to be heterosexual or homosexual, or not to have children, to become professional or just love from home, frivolous and seductive or wearing the Islamic headscarf, as they like, and without that necessarily incompatible.

But if the female gender "is no longer what it was" the male gender is not doing better "in his own": what are the rules of the masculinity today? While most women are in jobs, the man is still considered the breadwinner in the household? What is your position in the division of tasks called "domestic"? How does it behave in relation to sexuality? What exercises his fatherhood?

And, of course, men and women who are in a process of creating new identities pairs generated more uncertain than ever, and the same goes for children and families whose future is not predictable.

The faces of the worker against

uncertainty everywhere, the neoliberal economic model and technology has imposed its conditions, restructuring and relocation of enterprises, automation of production, identification of employment contracts, demobilization of trade unionism implementation of a new corporate culture. Financial and commercial groups impose stronger competition to the weakest, while they themselves do not respect. This has given result in job insecurity and a decline in social security. In the formal sector, workers need to excel in their performance if they want to retain their employment in the informal sector must devise solutions: self-managed companies recovered, trade, currencies, social solidarity economy ...

The rostross of citizens and the militant front the uncertainty

Yesterday, the city was safe from their premises. It was "leftist" (anti-imperialist, revolutionary socialist or social democratic) or was "right" (otherwise). Today, you no longer know where the line goes: the revolutionaries are no longer credible the Social Democrats are as liberal as the right and, after the last crisis, neo-liberals speak of the need to re-market regulation by the state. How to become citizens today in countries where the state is unable to secure their essential functions: to ensure the safety of citizens, to exercise legitimate violence, ensuring the social contract through an institutionalized solidarity, regulate and govern, maintain its sovereignty in globalized world order? And how to be social or political activist when the stakes have become more diversified? There are still unions (worker or peasant), no doubt, but there is also the protection of environment, consumers, democracy, public services, of indigenous peoples, women, youth, the excluded, immigrants, homosexuals, etc., etc.

The faces of the believer against the uncertainty

Yesterday, the West was Catholic or Protestant, or secular (which was another way of being a believer). Today, the believer can choose, but I do not know what to believe: sects and churches are delivered to a relentless proselytizing, and is not always religious conviction that decides membership. The believer can reassert its ancient faith or build their beliefs "on demand", combining a bit of Buddhism, a bit of Islam, a little encouragement and even superstition.



Structure

symposium The symposium will include five or six half days of work (as paper proposals accepted): two on Tuesday 12, two on Wednesday 13 and one or two on Thursday 14 April. Each will be introduced by two plenary sessions, one for a Latin American lecturer, and one by one speaker proposed by the AISLF. If the number and the issues raised by participants support it, the five fields of innovation set out above should allow the distribution of communications at round tables, parallel or simultaneous.

How to participate?

Researchers interested in participating in this conference should contact either of the following members of the Organizing Committee: Hugo José Suárez and / or Guy Bajoit. Should send a detailed summary of the communication will be presented (in French or Castilian). Ask them to do this post before the September 31, 2010, in order to provide a response in time for those who wish to apply for funding to their organizations, take your time. The Scientific Committee will review the proposals and communicate its decision by October 31, 2010.



guidance soon be reported.

What Does A Goat Look Like

I have no time, I have no time

In times when my nephew Emilio often stayed at his grandmother's house, where I also lived, was on my desk a couple of books by Lewis Carroll. On the cover of one of them appeared clearly the hare, always rushing, the story of Alice. Emilio, who knew perfectly on the splitting of Alicia - Mariana, I used to get to the desk to see the picture and I always said that in reality it was a picture of her mother (my sister Hilda), whom all life has been in trouble and eventually cut. How could it be that even after the wedding my sister ran to his class at the U. Guadalajara, instead of going to celebrate his own dismissal, leaving the family with the responsibility to talk with the new husband so marked the occasion? It's something that I had raised that day was the question that always appealed to their refusal to attend another lunch, dinner or family outing.

Now my nephew Emilio, at my invitation to go to dinner at the house where I live with her aunt and cousins, he says "I have no time, I'll be very busy." At nearly 16 years, is being invaded by the prediction / despcripcíon of that title Ulalume González de León: "Every time Monday." The problem is that in this city before we managed to go shopping and walk to Plaza del Sol and return an hour later, now just make that journey of nine lights that separate our respective homes (my nephew, my sister and my family) of the seventies and sometimes shopping consumes us in the sixty minutes before we were back.

How could that reached my day to read my many assignments (especially the hundreds of pages allocated and reviewed Ricardo Melgoza), and also had time to ride a bike, play soccer, invade the house Clinic of my friend and now my friend Juan Jose Morales, reading novels, wash cars (mine and my father and sometimes to my cousin Robertime), in addition to cutting the grass, remove leaves and sweep the garage entrance and mother's house, besides going to the movies as incongruous as Star-Wars and more of the time? How? Where did the time? What made it possible for the mother of my friend Juan José assigned me to take his father to take pictures over a wide area of \u200b\u200bLos Altos de Jalisco to promote road between Puente Grande Atotonilco and to ensure that his ranch was adequately comunicadoy Bethany we reached back in time for dinner? How do we get to go to school, make friends, visit my sister, cycling with my brother and friends, fight with my mother and walking with my father, all the same day?

Something has happened, in addition to my growing slowness in thinking and walking, which has made one activity take more hours in this city than it used to take. Could it be that we are also becoming hares and have to unfold in more now that our jobs have become more flexible and we are forced to spend more hours at the computer we were passing in the "slow" a typewriter? How does not result in faster more free time? Why is so little time I can devote to my children, if at the age my father I have now reached to climb the snow of Colima with us, our cousins \u200b\u200band friends and even lead to eating Ciudad Guzman? Is it that we got up early, and teachers who "work" 25 hours day? Mysteries of a rate that now amounts to "all the time in January ..." and in which the productive years and recreation without realizing we have just ... is it just because of daylight savings time?

Can Pregnant Women Get Worms

Oxymorons - contradictions

Nevin Siders, fellow translator, send this list to the "mailing list" in which I subscribe ...

Got more suggestions?

virtual reality

original copy

old news

act naturally
pretty ugly
living dead
jumbo shrimp
rolling stop
constant variable
exact estimate
paid volunteers
civil war
sound of silence
clever fool
only choice



What about my favorite: military intelligence? (eso, I would add, is what he believes to exercise or man named Calderon in my country)

According to answers.com site, "Oxymoron" is defined as: n., pl., ·-mo ra (-mor 'ə ,-mor 'ə) or-rums.



A rhetorical figure in incongruous or Contradictory Terms Which Are Combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.


[oxumōron Greek, from neuter of oxumōros, pointedly foolish: Oxus, sharp; see oxygen + Moors, foolish, dull.]


oxymoronic ox'y · m · ron'ic (-mə-rŏn'ĭk) adj.


oxymoronically ox'y·mo·ron'i·cal·ly adv.


Wordsmith Words: oxymoron  (ok-see-MOR-on, -mor-)


noun, plural oxymora or oxymorons


A figure of speech in which two contradictory terms appear together for emphasis, for example, "deafening silence".


Etymology


From Greek oxymoron, from neuter of oxymoros (sharp dull), from oxys (sharp) + Moors (dull). The word moron from the Same root eat

Crystal Lenses For Cataracts

Need grain? eat chicken ... Feed modus ponens?

I sent this ... of course I'm still stupid and I ignore these tips, for what would become of me if I stopped running (among other things)? Already know if you want to follow the guidance of this man ...

"TO SEE AS \u200b\u200bWE HAVE LIVED IN THIS ERROR COMES GOOD MAN AND A SUGGESTED AS WE LIVE, WELL, WE HAVE TO FOLLOW YOUR ADVICE ..."


Dr. Paulo Ubiratan is the medical director of the hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

This is the extract of an interview on local TV, where he was asked about food issues and sports ...

Question: cardiovascular exercise prolongs life, is it true?

Answer: The heart is made to beat a certain number of times. Do not waste these beats in office. Its lifetime will be spent, regardless of use. Speeding up your heart will not make you live longer. That's like saying you can extend the life of your car driving faster. Want to live longer? Pour a nap.

Q: Should I stop eating red meat and eat more fruits and vegetables?

A: You need to understand the logistics of feeding efficiency. What do cows eat? Grass and corn. What is that? Plant. So a steak is more effective mechanism to put vegetables in your system. Need to eat cereal? Then eat chicken.

Q: Should I reduce the consumption of alcohol?

R: No way. The wine is made from fruit. The brandy is distilled wine, which means it removes water from the fruit so that you get the most out of it. Beer is also made from cereals. Not overly restrict their consumption.

Q: What are the advantages of a regular exercise program?

A: My philosophy is: if you have no pain, do nothing. Are you all right.

Q: fried harmful?

A: Today These days food is fried in vegetable oil. The truth is that they are impregnated with vegetable oil. How can it be added that more vegetables are bad for you?

Q: Gymnastics helps reduce obesity?

A: Absolutely not. Exercising a muscle all it does is increase muscle size.

Q: Is chocolate hurt?

A: Is cocoa. Another vegetable. It is a good food to be happy. Life should not be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely, with an attractive and well preserved body. It is best to take the road with a beer in hand and a sandwich in the other. The best finish is to have had lots of sex and a body completely spent, fully used, crying was worth it, what a journey so extraordinary. ..

Q: Any advice you can give us more?

R: 1.-If you walk a lot to be healthy, postmen would be immortal.

2.-The whales swim past all day, only eat fish and drink only water, and yet have more body fat porsentaje than any other living being.

3.-The hares run, jump and do not stop, but not exceeding 15 years.

4.-The turtles do not run and do not exercise, but they live 450 years.

Softball Camps In Southern Califorina

are found everywhere, although not always see

Pita
my aunt said, "how can you write undone without the 'h'? DeSeCo not say so!". As much as my father and I made an alliance to convince her that there are two different words, is "waste" and has to do with what remains of something that was used, and the other is "broken" and refers something that was done and no longer pregnant.

Thus, one could be "got rid of fatigue, as he got home exhausted and as waste."

My aunt insisted that there could be a "waste, no 'h'" and a "waste, with 'h'" and of course stayed with the idea that my father and I was just joking and wanted to take advantage of spelling mistakes, but never have been without ancestry ...

In ways that Latin American English we do not understand yet, in the pronunciation of "v" and "b" have no great difference between the verb "shake" and the noun "bacillus."

Our status as "IM-pronunciantes" differences between "s", "c" and "z" also makes us prone to not understand this insistence on the order of these letters in words like "decision" or " position "and he does not find much meaning to the triple complication of the" shorts ", which for the pronunciation in Spain is a challenge but lip-dental latinoamésica is just the same "Cansiones" writes Serrat to refer to what is sung in this part of the American continent ...

Why so complicated spell, if real life does not have to write down everything that you say? The problem is when what is said will eventually become her writing betrays us as one of few readings ...

The sign present whose photograph is on the Avenida Patria, on the borders of the municipalities of Zapopan and Guadalajara. What teaching these manufacturers derive disposable English courses in elementary school? ...

Can You Put A Chocolate Bar In A Blender

A current debate: good quality at a fair price or low quality for a few cents?

The press release is reproduced below with a problem which is valid not only in Spain but it is worth analyzing in their implications for other Latin American countries and perhaps even in other prestigious as a first-world countries. It is clear that professional translation is likely to have less undesirable consequences (not only because of misunderstandings, but also in sentences corresponding to the distortion arising from interpretation or translation in legal cases) that a translation made by those who enter on the job with little preparation and a profit motive based in the provision of services "by volume" ... LRMQ ... Then the statement ...

THE QUALITY OF JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION AND POLICE: PRESS RELEASE OF THE SPANISH ASSOCIATION OF TRANSLATORS, INTERPRETERS AND CORRECTION (Asetrad)

view of the recent complaints about the poor quality of interpretation services provided in courts and police stations, made by a panel of judges and magistrates in Madrid, the English Association of Translators, Correctors and Interpreters (Asetrad) wishes to convey to the government in general and the administration of justice and law enforcement groups in particular, a number of considerations.



be noted that the situation created and reported a direct result of a misguided bid system, in which only the price premium service, without requiring proof of its quality assurance. And the quality is ensured by hiring qualified professionals and the payment of a fee to compensate their efforts. It is clear that having this or that certification according to ISO, UNE or the like does not guarantee any capacity as the company whose malpractice has resulted in the complaint is certified according to ISO 9000 (general procedures) and the UNE-EN-15038 ( best practices for vendors written translation services, not for interpretation, ie the 'translation' oral). Asetrad means that instead could be achieved if quality assurance is put into practice a series of relatively simple measures:



- Recognition of the importance of a service on which rests the right to a trial with all guarantees assisting the accused. This is at odds with the establishment Express as the only economic criteria in awarding contracts for this service and a maximum rate that can not allow the recruitment of professionals with appropriate training. Of note is the difference between administrations in this regard. The Ministry of Justice, where the specifications and technical requirements for the hiring of an interpretation in the courts assigned to the Central Organ Territorial Management "sets the maximum hourly fee for interpreting services, paid to the utility contractor, not the provider latter being the interpreter, at 60 euros net of VAT (additional waiting hours to 50%). In the "special administrative clauses to govern in the service contract entitled service language interpretation and translation for the courts and prosecutor's offices the Community of Madrid ", however, the same service is priced for the contracting company in just 28 euros per hour, including VAT (and 24.50 euros after 90 minutes, without waiting hours paid) .



- The forced recruitment of qualified professionals. The police and judicial interpretation is a professional job and there is the figure of "translator-interpreter" as a person whose mastery of the language of their specialty and their ability to use in these areas are certified by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation . Calls, then the competent authorities for the establishment of the compulsory recruitment of these professional 'jurors', provided that they exist in the language combination required. More specifically, there is no excuse to not hire, necessarily, these professionals when arrested or prosecuted language is a language of our environment: Portuguese, French, Italian, English or German when the judicial mind with these professionals. Otherwise, you must hire professional translators (Translation and Interpretation graduates or people with a proven track record in the profession).



- The promotion of at least basic training in the techniques of interpretation, together with the assurance domain enough of the two languages \u200b\u200bfor which they are recruited, in the case of languages \u200b\u200b(African, especially, but also from Eastern Europe, Middle East and Asia) for which there are no interpreters.



- Direct contact with the profession, through their representative associations. This would include consultation with professional codes and such partnerships experts when drawing up the specifications, only the promotion of direct recruitment of translators and interpreters in cases where the service conditions allow, as a guarantee work more efficient and fair allocation of available funds.



- Strict control by the contracting authority of the contracted services. A first step would be to review the proportionality between the fee charged by the interpreter and the overall cost of services: ie, the tenders will be asked to indicate the price to be paid to provide the service professional. A second essential step in this direction would be a system to ensure that companies awarded contracts between performers and comply with the law. -



- Finally, an analysis, language by language, as required. This would create training programs that allow the adjustment of supply to demand, especially in regard to lesser-spoken languages \u200b\u200bin our country.



The English Association of Translators, Correctors and Interpreters is totally unacceptable to be awarded translation and interpretation services in general and the judicial police and the Community of Madrid in particular, in conditions that do not qualify rather than the provider painful past. As expressed some of those directly involved, the current contractor has established unilaterally by 12 euros per hour worked the fee received by the interpreter. Under these conditions, it is obviously impossible to guarantee quality.

Madrid, February 18, 2010